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Natural hazards (2004)
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Informations about Natural hazards in 2004 year
- Natural hazards (2001) (compare)
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Informations about Natural hazards in 2004 year
 | Afghanistan | damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts |
 | Albania | destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought |
 | Algeria | mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season |
 | American Samoa | typhoons common from December to March |
 | Andorra | avalanches |
 | Angola | locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau |
 | Anguilla | frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October) |
 | Antarctica | katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf |
 | Antigua and Barbuda | hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts |
| Arctic Ocean | ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May |
 | Argentina | San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding |
 | Armenia | occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts |
 | Aruba | lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt |
 | Ashmore and Cartier Islands | surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards |
| Atlantic Ocean | icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December) |
 | Australia | cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires |
 | Austria | landslides; avalanches; earthquakes |
 | Azerbaijan | droughts |
 | Bahamas, The | hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage |
 | Bahrain | periodic droughts; dust storms |
 | Baker Island | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
 | Bangladesh | droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season |
 | Barbados | infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides |
 | Bassas da India | maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones |
 | Belarus | NA |
 | Belgium | flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes |
 | Belize | frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south) |
 | Benin | hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March |
 | Bermuda | hurricanes (June to November) |
 | Bhutan | violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season |
 | Bolivia | flooding in the northeast (March-April) |
 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | destructive earthquakes |
 | Botswana | periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility |
 | Bouvet Island | NA |
 | Brazil | recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south |
 | British Indian Ocean Territory | NA |
 | British Virgin Islands | hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October) |
 | Brunei | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare |
 | Bulgaria | earthquakes, landslides |
 | Burkina Faso | recurring droughts |
 | Burma | destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts |
 | Burundi | flooding, landslides, drought |
 | Cambodia | monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts |
 | Cameroon | volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes |
 | Canada | continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains |
 | Cape Verde | prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active |
 | Cayman Islands | hurricanes (July to November) |
 | Central African Republic | hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common |
 | Chad | hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues |
 | Chile | severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis |
 | China | frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence |
 | Christmas Island | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
 | Clipperton Island | NA |
 Islands-2004-bmala.jpg) | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | cyclone season is October to April |
 | Colombia | highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts |
 | Comoros | cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano |
 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes |
 | Congo, Republic of the | seasonal flooding |
 | Cook Islands | typhoons (November to March) |
 | Coral Sea Islands | occasional tropical cyclones |
 | Costa Rica | occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes |
| Cote d'Ivoire | coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible |
 | Croatia | destructive earthquakes |
 | Cuba | the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common |
 | Cyprus | moderate earthquake activity; droughts |
 | Czech Republic | flooding |
 | Denmark | flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes |
 | Djibouti | earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods |
 | Dominica | flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months |
 | Dominican Republic | lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts |
 | East Timor | floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones |
 | Ecuador | frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts |
 | Egypt | periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms |
 | El Salvador | known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
 | Equatorial Guinea | violent windstorms, flash floods |
 | Eritrea | frequent droughts; locust swarms |
 | Estonia | sometimes flooding occurs in the spring |
 | Ethiopia | geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts |
 | Europa Island | NA |
 | European Union | flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic |
-2004-bmala.jpg) | Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | strong winds persist throughout the year |
 | Faroe Islands | NA |
 | Fiji | cyclonic storms can occur from November to January |
 | Finland | NA |
 | France | flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean |
 | French Guiana | high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding |
 | French Polynesia | occasional cyclonic storms in January |
 | French Southern and Antarctic Lands | Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes |
 | Gabon | NA |
 | Gambia, The | drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) |
| Gaza Strip | droughts |
 | Georgia | earthquakes |
 | Germany | flooding |
 | Ghana | dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts |
 | Gibraltar | NA |
 | Glorioso Islands | periodic cyclones |
 | Greece | severe earthquakes |
 | Greenland | continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island |
 | Grenada | lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November |
 | Guadeloupe | hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere de Guadeloupe is an active volcano |
 | Guam | frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December) |
 | Guatemala | numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms |
 | Guernsey | NA |
 | Guinea | hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season |
 | Guinea-Bissau | hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires |
 | Guyana | flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons |
 | Haiti | lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts |
 | Heard Island and McDonald Islands | Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island |
-2004-bmala.jpg) | Holy See (Vatican City) | NA |
 | Honduras | frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast |
 | Hong Kong | occasional typhoons |
 | Howland Island | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
 | Iceland | earthquakes and volcanic activity |
 | India | droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes |
| Indian Ocean | occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches |
 | Indonesia | occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires |
 | Iran | periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes |
 | Iraq | dust storms, sandstorms, floods |
 | Ireland | NA |
 | Isle of Man | NA |
 | Israel | sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes |
 | Italy | regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice |
 | Jamaica | hurricanes (especially July to November) |
 | Jan Mayen | dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 |
 | Japan | many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons |
 | Jarvis Island | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard |
 | Jersey | NA |
 | Johnston Atoll | NA |
 | Jordan | droughts; periodic earthquakes |
 | Juan de Nova Island | periodic cyclones |
 | Kazakhstan | earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty |
 | Kenya | recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons |
 | Kingman Reef | wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard |
 | Kiribati | typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
 | Korea, North | late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall |
 | Korea, South | occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest |
 | Kuwait | sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August |
 | Kyrgyzstan | NA |
 | Laos | floods, droughts |
 | Latvia | NA |
 | Lebanon | dust storms, sandstorms |
 | Lesotho | periodic droughts |
 | Liberia | dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) |
 | Libya | hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms |
 | Liechtenstein | NA |
 | Lithuania | NA |
 | Luxembourg | NA |
 | Macau | typhoons |
 | Macedonia | high seismic risks |
 | Madagascar | periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation |
 | Malawi | NA |
 | Malaysia | flooding, landslides, forest fires |
 | Maldives | low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise |
 | Mali | hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding |
 | Malta | NA |
 | Marshall Islands | infrequent typhoons |
 | Martinique | hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years) |
 | Mauritania | hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts |
 | Mauritius | cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards |
 | Mayotte | cyclones during rainy season |
 | Mexico | tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts |
 | Micronesia, Federated States of | typhoons (June to December) |
 | Midway Islands | NA |
 | Moldova | landslides (57 cases in 1998) |
 | Monaco | NA |
 | Mongolia | dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions |
 | Montserrat | severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995) |
 | Morocco | northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts |
 | Mozambique | severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces |
 | Namibia | prolonged periods of drought |
 | Nauru | periodic droughts |
 | Navassa Island | NA |
 | Nepal | severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons |
 | Netherlands | flooding |
 | Netherlands Antilles | Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October |
 | New Caledonia | cyclones, most frequent from November to March |
 | New Zealand | earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity |
 | Nicaragua | destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
 | Niger | recurring droughts |
 | Nigeria | periodic droughts; flooding |
 | Niue | typhoons |
 | Norfolk Island | typhoons (especially May to July) |
 | Northern Mariana Islands | active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November) |
 | Norway | rockslides, avalanches |
 | Oman | summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts |
| Pacific Ocean | surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December |
 | Pakistan | frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) |
 | Palau | typhoons (June to December) |
 | Palmyra Atoll | NA |
 | Panama | occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area |
 | Papua New Guinea | active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis |
| Paracel Islands | typhoons |
 | Paraguay | local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June) |
 | Peru | earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity |
 | Philippines | astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis |
 | Pitcairn Islands | typhoons (especially November to March) |
 | Poland | flooding |
 | Portugal | Azores subject to severe earthquakes |
 | Puerto Rico | periodic droughts; hurricanes |
 | Qatar | haze, dust storms, sandstorms common |
 | Reunion | periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano |
 | Romania | earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
 | Russia | permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia |
 | Rwanda | periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo |
 | Saint Helena | active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha |
 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | hurricanes (July to October) |
 | Saint Lucia | hurricanes and volcanic activity |
 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard |
 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat |
 | Samoa | occasional typhoons; active volcanism |
 | San Marino | NA |
 | Sao Tome and Principe | NA |
 | Saudi Arabia | frequent sand and dust storms |
 | Senegal | lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts |
 | Serbia and Montenegro | destructive earthquakes |
 | Seychelles | lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible |
 | Sierra Leone | dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms |
 | Singapore | NA |
 | Slovakia | NA |
 | Slovenia | flooding and earthquakes |
 | Solomon Islands | typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity |
 | Somalia | recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season |
 | South Africa | prolonged droughts |
 | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism |
| Southern Ocean | huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue |
 | Spain | periodic droughts |
| Spratly Islands | typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals |
 | Sri Lanka | occasional cyclones and tornadoes |
 | Sudan | dust storms and periodic persistent droughts |
 | Suriname | NA |
 | Svalbard | ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic |
 | Swaziland | drought |
 | Sweden | ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic |
 | Switzerland | avalanches, landslides, flash floods |
 | Syria | dust storms, sandstorms |
 | Taiwan | earthquakes and typhoons |
 | Tajikistan | earthquakes and floods |
 | Tanzania | flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought |
 | Thailand | land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts |
 | Togo | hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts |
 | Tokelau | lies in Pacific typhoon belt |
 | Tonga | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou |
 | Trinidad and Tobago | outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms |
 | Tromelin Island | NA |
 | Tunisia | NA |
 | Turkey | very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van |
 | Turkmenistan | NA |
 | Turks and Caicos Islands | frequent hurricanes |
 | Tuvalu | severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
 | Uganda | NA |
 | Ukraine | NA |
 | United Arab Emirates | frequent sand and dust storms |
 | United Kingdom | winter windstorms; floods |
 | United States | tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development |
 | Uruguay | seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts |
 | Uzbekistan | NA |
 | Vanuatu | tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis |
 | Venezuela | subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts |
 | Vietnam | occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta |
 | Virgin Islands | several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes |
 | Wake Island | occasional typhoons |
 | Wallis and Futuna | NA |
| West Bank | droughts |
| Western Sahara | hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility |
| World | large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions) |
 | Yemen | sandstorms and dust storms in summer |
 | Zambia | periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April) |
 | Zimbabwe | recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare |
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